Vitamin B-12 is an important vitamin for many bodily functions, such as brain health, blood cell production, and proper nerve functioning. A vitamin B-12 level test checks the amount of vitamin B-12 in the blood or urine to gauge the body’s overall vitamin B-12 stores. Vitamin B-12 is necessary for several bodily processes, including nerve function and the production of DNA and red blood cells. Uses of Vitamin B12 Test: 1. Determine the cause of a patient’s symptoms 2. Monitoring a patient’s health over time 3. Screening of asymptomatic people for vitamin B12 deficiency.

The hepatitis B surface antibody test (HBsAb) detects proteins called antibodies that are produced by the immune system in response to the hepatitis B virus (HBV). The test is used to determine if you are immune to the virus after natural exposure or vaccination. anti-HBs or HBsAb (Hepatitis B surface antibody) - A "positive" or "reactive" anti-HBs (or HBsAb) test result indicates that a person is protected against the hepatitis B virus. This protection can be the result of receiving the hepatitis B vaccine or successfully recovering from a past hepatitis B infection. This test is not routinely included in blood bank screenings. A positive anti-HBs (or HBsAb) test result means you are “immune” and protected against the hepatitis B virus and cannot be infected. You are not infected and cannot spread hepatitis B to others.

A creatinine test is a measure of how well your kidneys are performing their job of filtering waste from your blood. Useful in the evaluation of kidney function and in monitoring renal dialysis.

A complete blood count, also known as a full blood count, is a set of medical laboratory tests that provide information about the cells in a person's blood. The CBC indicates the counts of white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets, the concentration of hemoglobin, and the hematocrit. Total WBC Count (TLC), Total red blood count (RBC), Haemoglobin (HGB). Haematocrit (HCT), Mean Cell Volume (MCV), Mean Cell Haemoglobin (MCH), Mean Cell Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC), platelets count, RDW-SD (RBC Distribution Width-Standard Deviation), Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Eosinophils, Basophils, PCV (Packed Cell Volume), P/S (Peripheral Smear) Examination, , RDW-CV (RBC Distribution Width-Coefficient Of Variation), PDW (Platelet Distribution Width), MPV (Mean Platelet Volume), P-LCR (Platelet Large Cell Ratio), PCT (Platelet Crit), Absolute Neutrophils Count, Absolute Lymphocytes Count, Absolute Monocytes Count, Absolute Eosinophils Count, Absolute Basophils Count,

Thyroid function tests are a series of blood tests used to measure how well your thyroid gland is working. Available tests include FT3, FT4, and TSH. The thyroid is a small gland located in the lower-front part of your neck. It’s responsible for helping regulate many bodily processes, such as metabolism, energy generation, and mood. The thyroid produces two major hormones: triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). If your thyroid gland doesn’t produce enough of these hormones, you may experience symptoms such as weight gain, lack of energy, and depression. This condition is called hypothyroidism. If your thyroid gland produces too many hormones, you may experience weight loss, high levels of anxiety, tremors, and a sense of being on a “high.” This is called hyperthyroidism. Typically, a doctor who is concerned about your thyroid hormone levels will order broad screening tests, such as the T4 or the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) test. If those results come back abnormal, your doctor will order further tests to pinpoint the reason for the problem.

Hepatitis C Hepatitis C is a viral disease that leads to swelling (inflammation) of the liver. A blood test called an HCV antibody test, is used to find out if someone has ever been infected with the hepatitis C virus. The HCV antibody test, sometimes called the anti-HCV test, looks for antibodies to the hepatitis C virus in the blood. Why Should You Get Tested? 1. You can have hep C with no symptoms. 2. The test is quick and easy. 3. You’ll protect family and friends. 4. Treatment can suppress the virus and maybe even cure you. 5. Early treatment prevents cirrhosis and liver failure.

The cortisol blood test measures the level of cortisol in the blood. Cortisol is a steroid (glucocorticoid or corticosteroid) hormone produced by the adrenal gland. A cortisol test is used to help diagnose disorders of the adrenal gland. These include Cushing's syndrome, a condition that causes your body to make too much cortisol, and Addison disease, a condition in which your body doesn't make enough cortisol.

An increased amount of uric acid in the urine often indicates gout, which is a common form of arthritis. This condition is characterized by severe pain and tenderness in the joints, especially those in the toes and ankles. A uric acid test measures the amount of uric acid in the body. Uric acid is a chemical that’s produced when your body breaks down purines. Purines are compounds that enter the bloodstream during the natural breakdown of cells in the body. Gout, Metabolic disorder of purine metabolism. Lesch-Nyhan & Fanconi Syndrome.

Folic acid - test Folic acid is a type of B vitamin. It helps the body make healthy new cells. Everyone needs folic acid. This test is used to: 1. Measure the amount of folic acid in the blood. 2. Check for folic acid deficiency. 3. Folic acid helps form red blood cells and produce DNA that stores genetic codes. Taking the right amount of folic acid before and during pregnancy helps prevent neural tube defects, such as spina bifida.

The Widal test measures the capacity of antibodies against LPS and flagella in the serum of individuals with suspected typhoid fever to agglutinate cells of S. Typhi. Typhoid enteritis is an acute systemic infection caused primarily by Salmonella typhi. The pathologic events of typhoid fever are initiated in the intestinal tract after oral ingestion of the typhoid bacillus. These organisms penetrate the small bowel mucosa, making their way rapidly to the lymphatics, and then spreading systemically. Hyperplasia of the reticuloendothelial system, including lymph nodes, liver, and spleen, is characteristic of typhoid fever. Peyer patches in the small bowel become hyperplastic and may subsequently ulcerate, complicated by hemorrhage or perforation.

Prothrombin Time Test and INR (PT/INR) A prothrombin time (PT) test measures how long it takes for a clot to form in a blood sample. An INR (international normalized ratio) is a type of calculation based on PT test results. Prothrombin is a protein made by the liver. It is one of several substances known as clotting (coagulation) factors. When you get a cut or other injury that causes bleeding, your clotting factors work together to form a blood clot. Clotting factor levels that are too low can cause you to bleed too much after an injury. Levels that are too high can cause dangerous clots to form in your arteries or veins. A PT/INR test helps find out if your blood is clotting normally. It also checks to see if the medicine that prevents blood clots is working the way it should. A PT/INR test is used to: 1. See how well warfarin is working. Warfarin is a blood-thinning medicine that's used to treat and prevent dangerous blood clots. (Coumadin is a common brand name for warfarin.) 2. Find out the reason for abnormal blood clots 3. Find out the reason for unusual bleeding 4. Check clotting function before surgery 5. Check for liver problems

Prolactin Levels A prolactin (PRL) test measures the level of prolactin in the blood. Prolactin is a hormone made by the pituitary gland, a small gland at the base of the brain. Prolactin causes the breasts to grow and make milk during pregnancy and after birth. Prolactin levels are normally high for pregnant women and new mothers. A prolactin levels test is used to: 1. Diagnose a prolactinoma (a type of tumor of the pituitary gland) 2. Help find the cause of a woman's menstrual irregularities and/or infertility 3. Help find the cause of a man's low sex drive and/or erectile dysfunction